LTE筆記: RSRP, RSSI and RSRQ

在一般通訊系統中,
我們常用 RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indication) 來表示訊號強度, 
其單位為 (dBm), 可以轉換成功率大小 (mW):

[註] dBm 的原意即是: (dB) reference to (m)W,
因此, 1 W = 10*log10(1000mW) = 30dBm.

在 LTE 通訊系統中, 除了 RSSI 之外,
又額外定義了兩個用以標示訊號強度的數值: RSRP 和 RSRQ
以下, 我們將介紹 RSRP, RSRQ 和 RSSI 的不同:

Reference Symbol Received Power (RSRP)
RSRP 為 UE 量測 Reference Signals (RS) 的平均訊號強度,
DRS 為基地台在下行訊號中, 於固定 RB (Resource Block) 上傳送的訊號,
由於這些訊號具有特定的傳送格式, 接收端便可以解出這些控制訊號的強度,
對於不同的相鄰基地台, 甚至是同一基地台不同的天線,
可以透過不同的 RS 配置, 讓使用者得知不同目標的量測數值,
如下圖所示:

紅色為 RS, 不同基地台或天線使用不同的 RS 排列方法, 可分開量測
來自: https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:22030582

RSRP 的回報由 UE 進行 Measurement Report, 回傳給基地台,
其中, 關於 Measurement Report 的設置定義於 RRC 的規範中, 我們之後有機會再提,
RSRP 的量測, 通常在換手 (handover) 時進行量測, 用以指出目標基地台的訊號強度,
其中, UE 所量測的數值, 將藉由下表進行轉換 (訊號強度 (dBm) - (-140)),
並回報給 eNB 作為換手的決策使用:

(3GPP Reference: TS 36.133)

RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indication) 
RSSI 是 UE 接收到的 wide-band 訊號強度,
包含 DRS 以及其他 RB 的訊號強度 (第一張圖紅色和白色的部分),
由於 RSSI 包含了非從屬基地台的訊號 (或是稱為干擾),
在 LTE 系統中, 使用 RSRP 和 RSSI 的比例數值作為衡量訊號品質的指標,
也就是即將介紹的 RSRQ.

Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ):
考慮到 RSRP 指量測從屬基地台的訊號強度, 而非訊號品質,
RSRQ 定義如下:

RSRQ = (RSRP/RSSI) *N
其中, N 是 resource block 的數量.

RSRQ 為功率除以功率, 為一比例值, 因此單位為 dB 而非 dBm.
經由計算後, RSRQ 將由下表轉換後, 通知基地台,

(3GPP Reference: TS 36.133)

下列網址中, 有更詳盡的介紹, 以及範例, 
有興趣的同學可以進一步閱讀:

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